U.S. Ambassador Jane Hartley with U.S. train heroes. (Getty)
French train attack: Why some people risk their lives to save others
It’s because they don’t overthink, says a study. They just act.
Briton Chris Norman, who helped subdue the gunman, said he thought: "OK, I'm probably going to die anyway so let's go," the Guardian reported.
French President Francois Hollande awarded France's highest honor Monday to three Americans and a Briton who tackled a gunman on a train from Amsterdam to Paris.
A French citizen who also tackled the man in the incident Friday and who wants to remain anonymous and a French-American passenger who was shot will also receive the Legion d'Honneur medal at a later date, Agence France-Presse reported.
"'You risked your lives to defend an idea, an idea of liberty, of freedom," Hollande said at the ceremony at the Elysee Palace in Paris.
"Since Friday, the entire world admires your courage, your sangfroid, your spirit of solidarity," he said. "This is what allowed you to with bare hands — your bare hands — to subdue an armed man. This must be an example for all, and a source of inspiration.”
U.S. Air Force Airman 1st Class Spencer Stone, 23, and his friends Alek Skarlatos, 22, an Oregon National Guardsman, and Anthony Sadler, 23, a student at Sacramento State University, were on the high-speed train when a man armed with a Kalashnikov, an automatic Luger pistol and a box cutter raced through the car. The men tackled and subdued the gunman, who was taken into custody in France.
"He seemed like he was ready to fight to the end," Stone said. "So were we."
French authorities identified the gunman as Ayoub El-Khazzani, 26, a Moroccan with ties to radical Islam who may have traveled to Syria. His lawyer, Sophie David, said on French TV that her client claims he was just homeless and hungry and wanted to rob the train and then jump out a window.
Contributing: John Bacon
Risking One's Life to Act (and save others).
Why some people are brave
while others act the knave
is a question that's quite antique.
It was often asked by a Greek
mother in some city-state or other--
who much preferred a child braver than smarter
and wanted to know
a few millennia ago
though less often in Athens than Sparta.
It may be habit rather than brains,
or so thought both Aristotle and William James
though more modern philosophers and psychologists too
by speaking of "System One and System Two"
to describe the fact
have gotten into the act
with an impressive nomenclature.
perhaps more academic than sure.
But even Shakespeare knew that 'twas often better to act than think
in order to stay alive
but if his Hamlet had done so,The Play would have been over in a blink
instead of reaching Act V.
The Greeks - <b>Sparta: Famous quotes about ... - PBS
www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/8c_p1.html
"Come back with your shield - or on it" (Plutarch, Mor.241) was supposed to be the parting cry of mothers to their sons. Mothers whose sons died in battle openly
PBS
300 - Come back with your shield or on it - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-wKe0DNdhI
Jan 27, 2012 - Uploaded by salvomag
Only the hard and the strong may call themselves spartans. Only the hard, only the strong.
PS:
But , may the motto for most of us who are NOT heroes
and would prefer not to die soon but late
in order to keep our lives and goods from becoming zeroes,
instead often be Procrastinate, Procrastinate,Procrastinate?
HZL
8/24/15
Yale University’s David Rand and his colleagues reveal that risking one’s life for strangers is a result of ‘Acting First and Thinking Later’. In other words, people don’t deliberately risk their own lives to save a stranger’s life. This conclusion comes from an analysis the team conducted of more than 50 recognized civilian heroes.
The team recruited hundreds of participants to rate their 51 statements made during their published interviews by the recipients of the Carnegie Hero Medal. An honor that Is given to civilians who risk their lives to save strangers.
Using participant’s own analysis as well as computer text analysis algorithm, researchers analyzed those statements in the interviews. The objective of this experiment was to look for the evidence of whether the medal winners describe their own acts as deliberate or intuitive.
The statements were judged to be intuitive by both participants and text analysis even in situations where the lifesaver would have enough time to deliberate before acting. Participants also rated the medal’s winners’ testimonies as similar to sample “control” intuitive statements and rated them more intuitive than sample deliberate statements.
The results suggest that extreme altruism maybe largely motivated by automatic, intuitive processes. Although it is not clear if intuitive responses are genetically hard-coded, but its very unlikely that they are.
Dr. Rand believes people learn that helping others is typically in their own long-term self interest. Thus, intuitive habits like this develop as habits of cooperation rather than an innate cooperative instinct that was preserved in social humans’ nature during the course of evolution.
“We wondered if people who act with extreme altruism do so without thinking, or if conscious self-control is needed to override negative emotions like fear. Our analyses show that overwhelmingly, extreme altruists report acting first and thinking later,” said David Rand.
- Reference: Risking Your Life without a Second Thought: Intuitive Decision-Making and Extreme Altruism [PLOS ONE]
- Source: Yale University
- Image: Shutterstock Via YaleNews
Dual process theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_process_theory
3.2.1 The 6 principles in relation to system 1 and system 2 .... The dual-process accounts of reasoning posits that there are two systems or minds in one brain.
Wikipedia
Thinking, Fast and Slow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow
1 Prospect theory; 2 Two systems; 3 Heuristics and biases ... One example is that people are loss-averse: they are more likely to act to avert a loss ... In the book's first section, Kahneman describes two different ways the brain forms thoughts:.
Wikipedia
The Two Systems of Cognitive Processes | Big Think
bigthink.com/delancey.../the-two-systems-of-cognitive-process...
Studies consistently show that when the brain is occupied with one type of System 2 thinking, it interferes with any other type of System 2 thinking you need to ...
Big Think
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